Ameliorative Synergistic Anti-Oxidative, and Nephroprotective Effects of Quercetin and Gallic Acid against Gentamicin-Induced Renal Injury in Rats

Abo-El-Sooud, Khaled; El Mokadem, Sama; Ali, Sama Essam; Hashim, Alaa Mohammed; Labib, Mirna Akram

doi:10.21608/ejvs.2025.393256.2902

Ameliorative Synergistic Anti-Oxidative, and Nephroprotective Effects of Quercetin and Gallic Acid against Gentamicin-Induced Renal Injury in Rats

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University

² Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University,

10.21608/ejvs.2025.393256.2902

Abstract

The research was planned to assess the protective antioxidant potential of quercetin (QC) and gallic acid (GA) alone or in combination against well-established oxidative nephrotoxicity by gentamicin (GM) in Sprague–Dawley female rats. Rats were weighed and divided into five groups of 5 rats each: the 1^st group was kept as control received vehicle (1 ml/kg body weight BW), rats of the 2^nd group were injected GM (100 mg/kg BW) intraperitoneally (IP) once daily to induce nephrotoxicity the 3^rd and 4^th groups were administered QC and GA (100 mg/kg BW) respectively, orally 30 min before the GM injection. The 5^th group received both QC and GA concurrently at 50 mg/kg BW, orally, 30 min before the GM injection, respectively. All treatments were administered daily for 8 consecutive days. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, uric acid, and creatinine were estimated. The renal oxidative stress biomarkers catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and, malondialdehyde (MDA), were also evaluated. Finally, the histopathological findings in renal tissues were assessed. Significant increases in the levels of transaminases, urea, uric acid, and creatinine in serum were observed in GM-treated rats. While high doses of QC and GA significantly restored the levels of all these parameters (p < 0.01) but the restoration to normal levels was found to be more significant (p < 0.001) when QC was administered concurrently with GA at half doses. Gentamicin significantly reduced the renal levels of CAT and SOD (p < 0.01) nevertheless, it induces a significant rise in oxidative radical (MDA) level (p < 0.01). QC and/or GA significantly improved the antioxidant figures as compared to GM-exposed groups. Our results established that QC with GA at half-recommended doses acts synergistically against acute nephrotoxicity induced by GM by modifying the consequence of renal oxidative stress. Consequently, it will be proper to recommend this combination as a promising nephroprotective agent in renal damage.

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