Comparative Analysis of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in the Head and Trunk Kidneys of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Using Histology, Immunohistochemistry, and Flow Cytometry

Mansour, Mohamed Mostafa; Badran Shoeib, Mahmoud Mohamed; Mohamed Morsi, Safwat Ebada; El-Sayed Yousse, Galal Ahmed; El-Sayed, Mesbah Abd El-Gawad

doi:10.21608/ejvs.2025.323446.2396

Comparative Analysis of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in the Head and Trunk Kidneys of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Using Histology, Immunohistochemistry, and Flow Cytometry

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Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Anatomy and embryology department, faculty of veterinary medicine , Mansoura university , Egypt

² Department of Anatomy and Embryology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt

10.21608/ejvs.2025.323446.2396

Abstract

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) serve a fundamental function in blood cell production within vertebrates. In teleosts such as common carp (Cyprinus carpio) the kidneys (notably the pronephros and mesonephros) are vital to hematopoiesis. This study aimed to investigate HSCs distribution across these specific kidney regions, employing a variety of techniques (including histology, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry). The hematopoietic organs, which comprise head kidney (pronephros) and trunk kidney (mesonephros), underwent meticulous dissection. Various histological methods revealed the localization of hematopoietic cells; however, immunohistochemistry proved critical in highlighting regions that express CD34. Although diverse methods were employed, this comprehensive approach ultimately enhanced our understanding regarding HSC distribution within kidneys. The amalgamation of Hoechst 33342 tagging, discerned via flow cytometry, has facilitated the scrutiny of diverse cellular subpopulations and their respective stages within the cell cycle this is crucial for comprehending these processes. The common carp kidney comprises two principal regions: the head kidney, which predominantly harbors a robust population of hematopoietic cells enveloped by blood vessels and the trunk kidney, recognized for its nephrons and associated hematopoietic tissues. Both regions encompass nucleated blood cells; however, there appears to be a heightened number of cells in the G0/G1 phase within the head kidney. Hematopoietic stem cells occupy the trunk kidney (this is significant) because they exhibit the surface markers CD34 and CD41. A map indicates that HSCs are more plentiful in the trunk kidney as opposed to the head; however, this enhances our understanding of fish hematopoiesis.

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