Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Department of anatomy and histopathology, Veterinary college, Sulaimania University
2
Animal production department, directorate of agricultural research, ministry of agriculture, KGR, Iraq
3
Animal science department, College of agricultural engineering sciences, University of Sulaimani, Iraq
4
Department of anatomy and histology, college of veterinary medicine, university of Basrah, Iraq
Abstract
Range of Motion (ROM) is an important parameter in evaluating joint flexibility and musculoskeletal health in animals and humans. This study investigates the effect of age and sex on ROM in Pshdar dogs to identifying the potential differences across various joints. A total of 120 Pshdar dogs were categorized based on sex (male and female) and age groups (1–2 years, 3–4 years, 5–6 years, and >7 years). ROM was measured for six major joints: shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, stifle, and tarsal joints. although the results indicated that the sex factor was not affect significantly on ROM (p≥0.05), males were exhibited a higher ROM values in some joints. For age, the results were significantly influenced across all joints (p≤0.05), in particular in older dogs that displaying a greater flexibility than younger ones. However, the interaction between age and sex was not significant, suggesting that age is the primary determinant of ROM. This study demonstrates that ROM in Pshdar dogs increases with age, while sex differences are minimal; suggesting that age-related musculoskeletal adaptations contribute to increased joint flexibility over time. Future studies should consider additional factors such as activity level, genetics, and health conditions to further understand ROM variations in this breed.
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