Insight on P32 and EEV Genes for Detection of Recent LSDV Isolates in Egypt, 2022

Tolba, Neven Ahmed; El-Habaa, Ayman Said; El-Nahas, Ehab Mostafa

doi:10.21608/ejvs.2025.350111.2591

Insight on P32 and EEV Genes for Detection of Recent LSDV Isolates in Egypt, 2022

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt

10.21608/ejvs.2025.350111.2591

Abstract

Cattle suffer severe economic losses from lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). The epidemic has spread to Egypt and the Middle East. This study examined LSDV genetics utilizing the P32 and EEV genes during a 2022 outbreak in Qualubia, Menofia, and Gharbia. Cows suspected of carrying LSDV had nodular skin samples taken. Three governorate-specific P32 gene PCR tests confirmed LSDV. The samples also showed ECE isolation on CAM. PCR with P32 and EEV gene-specific primers detected isolates. The P32 gene's nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that local isolates from Qualubia (PP405080), Menofia (PP405081), and Gharbia (PP405082) had 100% homology and 98.6% similarity with the Egyptian LSDV vaccination strain (PP405079). The EEV gene's nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that the local isolates from Qualubia (PP405088) and Gharbia (PP405090) had 100% homology, whereas Menofia (PP405089) had 99.8%. These isolates matched the vaccination strain 94.1%–94.2%. The three LSDV isolates were clustered closely with LSDV strain sequences from Egypt, and the local LSDV vaccine strain (PP405087) clustered closely with LSDV vaccine strains based on both genes. More research is needed to understand the virus's genetics. Genetic recombination in the EEV gene is suspected.

Keywords