Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt.
2
Biotechnology Research Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki 12618, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt.
3
Nanomaterials Research and Synthesis Unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Agriculture research center, Giza, Egypt.
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), is an economically significant viral disease on a global scale. As a result, effective virus control methods must be implemented, including novel FMD antivirals. Herein, we synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using green tea (GT) extracts as a reducing agent and evaluated their anti-FMDV efficacy. Green tea silver nanoparticles (GT Ag-NPs) synthesis was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The TEM revealed distinctive single spherical NPs, with a particle size of 15.1-16.9 nm, while DLS revealed an average particle size of 28.86 nm. NPs' cytotoxicity was initially assessed on the baby hamster kidney cells (BHK-21) using an MTT (3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyl 2H-tetrazolium bromide) colourimetric method. Consequently, a viral yield reduction assay detected by 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50), and a cytopathic effect inhibition assay detected by an MTT was performed to check the non-cytotoxic concentrations' antiviral potential at different infection times. Results disclosed promising FMDV inhibitory effects; the pre-infection led to 31.75% virus titer reduction, and the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) and selectivity index (SI) values were 2.45 µg/mL and 66.5, respectively. During post-infection, the greatest viral inhibition activity was detected with a 45.97% reduction; the IC50 and SI values were 2.05 µg/mL and 79.5, respectively. However, no inhibitory action was observed during the virucidal process, suggesting that GT Ag-NPs can suppress FMDV replication, particularly in the early phases, and cannot exert a direct virucidal effect. The current work demonstrates the green synthesized Ag-NPs anti-FMDV capability in vitro.
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