Impact of Methanolic Extract of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Seeds on Evaluation of Anaesthesia and Analgesia Produced using Lumbosacral Lidocaine, Tramadol and their Combination in Red Sokoto Bucks Undergoing Laparotomy

Zubairu, Abdulkadir Salman; Yakubu, Abubakar Sadiq; Abubakar, Adamu Abdul; Alimi, Alimi Olawale; Abdullahi, Aliyu; Abubakar, Mohammad Salisu

doi:10.21608/ejvs.2024.298189.2188

Impact of Methanolic Extract of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Seeds on Evaluation of Anaesthesia and Analgesia Produced using Lumbosacral Lidocaine, Tramadol and their Combination in Red Sokoto Bucks Undergoing Laparotomy

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, University of Ilorin, Nigeria

² Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria

³ Department of Veterinary Medicine, Collage of Applied Health Science, A&amp;#039;Sharqiyah University

⁴ Department of Veterinary Pathology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria

10.21608/ejvs.2024.298189.2188

Abstract

Small ruminants are easily managed for certain surgical procedures; they are less aggressive but cannot endure excessive manipulations without anaesthesia. Complications may arise when ruminants are placed under general anaesthesia, which is why regional anaesthetic techniques are commonly employed. Lidocaine alone does not provide adequate analgesia; therefore, combination with other drugs is frequently utilised to achieve sufficient analgesia. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the analgesic effects of lumbosacral lidocaine, tramadol, and their combination in Red Sokoto bucks. Fifteen (N=15) apparently healthy bucks weighing 10-12 kg were grouped into three (n=5); the lidocaine, tramadol and their combination groups. There was a significant difference in the duration of analgesia provided (p= 0.00218), with the lidocaine group exhibiting a longer duration of action. The combination of lidocaine with tramadol reduced the longer duration observed with lidocaine alone. A significant difference in standing time (p=0.0001) was observed, with tramadol alone having the shortest standing time and lidocaine the longest duration. The lidocaine alone group had the most rapid onset of action (p=0.0002) when compared to the other treatments. All animals in the lidocaine alone and combination groups lost locomotor control and were recumbent, but animals in the tramadol group maintained locomotor function and were not recumbent, despite exhibiting a degree of analgesia. In conclusion, lidocaine alone provides the most effective regional anaesthesia, while the combination of lidocaine with tramadol offers benefits in reducing post-operative patient recumbency time while maintaining quality regional analgesia. Epidural tramadol alone provided inadequate regional anaesthesia.

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