Normal Echocardiographic Parameters in Egyptian Nubian Goats

Ali, Mohamed Elsaid; Jaheen, Alaa Helal; Oraby, Mohamed Ibrahim; El-sherif, Mohamed Ahmed

doi:10.21608/ejvs.2024.287874.2065

Normal Echocardiographic Parameters in Egyptian Nubian Goats

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University

² Department of internal medicine and infectious diseases, faculty of veterinary medicine, Cairo university, Egypt.

³ Department of internal medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University

10.21608/ejvs.2024.287874.2065

Abstract

The reference parameters for echocardiography are poorly documented in goats and undocumented in Egyptian Nubian goats. This study aimed to establish reference ranges for echocardiographic indices using M-mode and Doppler techniques in Egyptian Nubian goats. Echocardiographic parameters were measured in 25 healthy Egyptian goats aged 3 to 4 years, weighing 40-50 kg, in lateral recumbency position. The parameters included left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic diameters, interventricular septum thickness in systole and diastole, left ventricular free wall thickness in systole and diastole, heart rate, final diastolic volume, final systolic volume, cardiac output, stroke volume, fractional shortening, and ejection fraction. Additionally, aortic root diameter, left atrial diameter, and the left atrial-to-aortic root ratio were reported. Doppler echocardiography was used to assess blood flow velocities in the pulmonary artery and aorta: peak velocity and pressure gradient. Parameters of left ventricular diastolic function, including early (Emax) and late (Amax) velocities, and the Emax/Amax ratio, were obtained from the mitral flow profile. Several differences in echocardiographic dimensions were found in Egyptian goats compared to previous studies in other goat breeds.
In conclusion, echocardiographic parameters can be reliably evaluated in Egyptian goats, and our study has provided normal reference ranges that may be useful in accurately assessing cardiac structures and functions to aid in diagnosing heart diseases. These findings can also benefit experimental studies on the heart and blood vessels in goats used for human research purposes.

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