Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, FUNAAB
2
Nigeria Natural Medicine Developnent Agency, 9 Kofo Aboyomi Street, Victoria Island , Lagos
3
Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, College of Veterinary Medicine, FUNAAB
4
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, FUNAAB.
5
Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, FUNAAB.
6
Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Alabata, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
7
Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, College of Environmental Resources Management, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Alabata, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
8
Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland USA.
Abstract
Ticks and tick-borne diseases cause devastating effects on livestock production. The misuse of synthetic acaricides in tick control causes increasing levels of acaricide resistance, environmental pollution and livestock byproducts residue accumulation. In the search for an effective and safer alternative, this study evaluated the acaricidal efficacies of essential oils (EOs) of six documented ethnoveterinary plants. The EOs were extracted by hydrodistillation, and acaricidal efficacies of six different concentrations of each plant were tested using adult immersion test. Amitraz and cypermethrin, and 2% dimethylsulphoxide served as positive and negative controls, respectively. Data was analyzed by the probit method, and lethal concentrations were determined using regression analysis. A p value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Cymbopogon citratus, Hyptis suaveolens and Ocimum gratissimum EOs (20, 10, 5%) produced 100% tick mortality while Eucalyptus globulus EO exhibited 100% mortality only at 20% concentration. The mortalities from Balanites aegyptiaca and Citrus limon EOs at 20% concentration were 90 and 47.5%, respectively. Lower concentrations caused tick mortalities of less than 50%. Cymbopogon citratus/E. globulus EO combination showed the highest synergistic acaricidal activity (LC50- 0.63%; 100% inhibition of tick oviposition and hatchability). Cymbopogon citratus EO may be developed into an effective and eco-friendly botanical-based acaricide, and studies are ongoing to determine its safety profile/mechanism of action.
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