Ameliorative Effect of Costus speciosus Extracts on Toxic Effects of Lead Acetate on Liver and Kidney of Male Rats

Diab, Abd El-Aziz A.; Al-Mathal, Ebtisam M.; Zahra, Mansour H.; Dowidar, Mohamed F.; El-Sherbeny, Safaa A.; Abu El-Magd, Mohammed

doi:10.21608/ejvs.2023.244473.1652

Ameliorative Effect of Costus speciosus Extracts on Toxic Effects of Lead Acetate on Liver and Kidney of Male Rats

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

² Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdurrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441. Saudi Arabia.

³ Mansoura University

10.21608/ejvs.2023.244473.1652

Abstract

Costus speciosus was succefully used to relieve much toxicity, however it is still unknown whether C. speciosus can ameliorate lead acetate (PbAc)-induced toxicity. This investigation set out to determine whether or not C. speciosus rhizome extracts in water, petroleum ether, and methanol could mitigate the hepatorenal toxicities caused by PbAc in rats. Animals were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 15 in each group), with each group further subcategorized into three subgroups (n = 5) according to exposure duration: normal control (Cnt), PbAc, and the remaining three groups treated with aqueous, petroleum ether, and methanolic C. speciosus rhizome extracts. The results showed that the harmful effects of PbAc were mitigated by all extracts as evidenced by 1) reduced blood glucose, 2) decreased liver (ALT, AST, and total bilirubin) and kidney (creatinine, urea, uric acid) function markers, 3) repressed lipid profile parameters (TG, TC, and LDL), 4) elevated serum levels of total protein, albumin, and HDL, 5) declined liver levels of lipid peroxidation marker (MDA), and 6) increased liver antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx) and GSH level. The most significant protection against PbAc poisoning was seen after one moth of treatment with the methanolic extract. Inhibition of oxidative stress and increase of antioxidant enzyme activity are two mechanisms by which C. speciosus extracts may ameliorate PbAc-induced hepato- and reno-toxicities. Since PbAc is toxic to livers and kidneys, these extracts, notably the methanolic extract, may serve as valuable ameliorative agents.

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