Advances in Diagnosis and Control of Rift Valley Fever in Small Ruminants; Sheep and Goats - A Review

Document Type : Review Artical

Authors

1 Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre

2 Parasitology and A Disease Dep

3 Dept. of Zoonotic Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to throw light on the diagnosis and control of Rift Valley fever (RVF) that affect small ruminants; sheep and goats. RVF is a parachute or acute, febrile, mosquito-borne, zoonotic disease caused by a virus of the family Bunyaviridae, genus Phlebovirus that represents a significant threat to humans and livestock. Severe clinical signs usually seen in cattle and small ruminants, where it characterized by high fever (41 OC), abortions and a high mortality rates in the newborn. ELISA assays can distinguish between past and recent infection, it cannot differentiate between the past infected and vaccinated animals except by paired serum samples examination. A variety of highly sensitive molecular techniques were established for RVF involving nested RT-PCR methods, quantitative real-time PCR, multiplex PCR-based microarray assay, RT Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). The control of the RVF disease depends mainly on two main principles; the first one is the vaccine, and the second is the combating of the arthropod vectors. There are two types of RVF vaccines, the accredited live attenuated and inactivated vaccine preparations. The Clone 13 vaccine depends on the presence of a large deletion in the main virulence gene (the NSs gene) of naturally attenuated strain, which developed from the Central African strain that was isolated from a human. The vaccine is highly immunogenic in ruminants, save and do not lead to untoward effects in vaccinated animals

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History

  • Receive Date: 17 September 2023
  • Revise Date: 14 October 2023
  • Accept Date: 22 October 2023

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