Nephrotoxicity Evaluation of Captopril and Enalapril in Rats: Comparative Study

Ibrahim, Mohammed; Hassan, Waseem; Saeed, Mohammed Ghassan

doi:10.21608/ejvs.2023.224510.1545

Nephrotoxicity Evaluation of Captopril and Enalapril in Rats: Comparative Study

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Department of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, Iraq

² Department of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq

10.21608/ejvs.2023.224510.1545

Abstract

The objective of this study was to look into the renal toxicity of high-dose captopril and enalapril. The animals in this experiment were separated into five groups of ten animals each, with the first serving as a control group, receiving only distilled water, the second receiving captopril doses 10 and 20% of LD50, and the fourth and fifth receiving enalapril 10 and 20%. For four weeks, the dose is given orally twice weekly. Samples were obtained after one week and again four weeks afterwards. Significant increases in urea and creatinine concentrations were seen after 1 week of therapy with 20% enalapril, as well as urea and creatinine were considerably raised in the 20% captopril and 20% enalapril-treated groups after 4 weeks of treatment. In the one-week 10% therapy groups, kidney tissue showed intact glomeruli and proximal renal tubules comparing with 20% treatment groups revealed glomerular atrophy, dilation of Bowman's space, and vacuolar degeneration of the epithelial cell. After 4-weeks the 10% captopril group revealed glomerular atrophy, and epithelial cell vacuolar degeneration. The 20% captopril group's kidneys revealed atrophy, dilatation of Bowman's space, and necrosis. Enalapril 10% and 20% groups showed glomerular atrophy, dilation of Bowman's space, and vacuolar degeneration. The study examined TNF- expression in immunohistochemistry. The control group had no expression, but the captopril 10% and enalapril 20% groups had minor and moderate expression, respectively. The study concluded that enalapril at a concentration of 20% has more severe toxic effects on the kidneys than captopril at the same dose.

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