Document Type : Review Artical
Authors
1
Professor of Infectious Diseases, Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza.
2
Professor of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology and Animal Diseases dept., Veterinary Research Institute - National Research Centre - El Buhouth-St. - Dokki - Giza - Egypt – 12556.
3
Professor of Clinical Pathology, Parasitology and Animal Diseases dept., Veterinary Research Institute - National Research Centre - El Buhouth-St. - Dokki - Giza - Egypt – 12556.
Abstract
Mastitis is the most world frequent and costly disease in dairy cattle. Although several infectious agents such as bacteria, Mycoplasma, and fungi have been associated to mastitis, bacteria are the primary important cause. Improved milking hygiene, implementation of post-milking teat disinfection, and maintenance of milking machinery are all general methods to avoid new cases of mastitis, but antibiotics are the primary treatment to control mastitis infection. Antibiotic residue and antimicrobial resistance, as well as the effect of antibiotic abuse on public health, have led to several limits on uncontrolled antibiotic therapy in the dairy industry across the world. New therapeutic techniques to substitute antibiotics in the control of mastitis have been examined by researchers. These efforts, which were aided by the significant advancements in nanotechnology, stem cell assays, molecular biology tools, and genomics, led to the creation of innovative mastitis treatment and control methods. The current study discusses new concepts used to control mastitis such as, the raising mastitis-resistant dairy cows, the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and application of modern mastitis vaccinations, cow drying protocols, teat disinfection, housing, and nutrition. Besides, it include the use of nanotechnology, stem cell technologies, immunotherapy, traditional herbal medicine plants, nutraceuticals, probiotics, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, and acoustic pulse technology.
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