Potential Influence of Climate Change on the Occurrence and Distribution of Vector-Borne Diseases among Animal Populations

ONE OF the biggest risks to animal health is climate change. Their impact is increasingly being considered on a global scale, and their influence on animal production is particularly pertinent given rising demand and production constraints. Egypt’s climate has distinctive considerations due to its geographic position. Extreme climatic conditions are a result of global warming, with summer temperatures routinely exceeding 40°C, especially in lower Egypt. Climate change has a direct impact on the growth of vector-borne illnesses that could be a serious health issues. Culicoides midges can spread vector-borne illnesses like bluetongue in tropical areas. As well, frequent flooding and large-scale population movements may aid in the spread of water-borne illnesses. Microclimatic parameters including temperature, relative humidity, air speed, rainfall, and sun radiation are influenced by the environment. As temperatures rise, the vector adapts to survive, and today’s global warming causes more insects to survive each year, which results in more each year. Increased temperature and relative humidity cause stress in humans and animals, which lowers immunity and makes other viral infections more likely. This review focuses on determining the microclimatic factors associated with vector-borne diseases’ occurrence and distribution through the climatic change impact on them, besides the occurrence of emerging and re-emerging diseases. Therefore, it is recommended in the article that an epidemiological monitoring and surveillance system be implemented in order to reduce and prevent climate-sensitive animal diseases.