Evaluation of Postvaccinal Antibody Responses to Three Brands of Combined Canine Vaccines Containing Canine Parvovirus Type 2 Following Single Administration in Nigerian Local Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan

2 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan

Abstract

The current level of morbidity and mortality among dogs due to canine parvovirus infection despite vaccination raises concerns about the effectiveness of commercially available polyvalent modified live vaccine containing Distemper, Adenovirus, Leptospira, Parvovirus and Parainfluenza antigens (DHLPPi) in Nigeria. This study was conducted to evaluate canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) antibody responses to three different brands of DHLPPi vaccines.
Fifteen Nigerian local dogs, age 8- 14 weeks; were randomly selected. The dogs were divided into 3 groups (A, B and C) each containing 5 dogs. The dogs were vaccinated with respective polyvalent modified live vaccines containing Distemper, Adenovirus, Leptospira, Parvovirus and Parainfluenza antigens (DHLPPi) tagged A, B and C. Blood samples were collected before vaccination weekly for four weeks and on day 90 post vaccination. The sera from the collected blood samples were subjected to Indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The mean titre values were analysed using ANOVA test and student t-test. 
Group A had a statistical significant (P<0.05) higher antibody titre when compared with that of group B on day 21. A statistical significant (P<0.05) increase in antibody response was found in group Bwhen compared to group A on days 14 and 28 and group C on day 14. Group C had significantly higher antibody titre when compared to group A on days 7 and 28 and group B on day 21.
The group C antibody titres were found to be the consistently higher than those of groups A except on days 14 and 21 and and group B on every other days except on days 14 and 90.
In conclusion, the three vaccines were found to be immunogenic, but vaccines B and C gave adequate and consistently high immune response whilevaccine A gave the least response. The occurrence CPV enteritis in dogs despite vaccination may therefore, be attributed to vaccine failure as a result of poor immunogenicity of some vaccines used in routine vaccination of dogs and other factors that may affect the quality of vaccine or ability of the host to produce adequate antibody to administered vaccines.

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History

  • Receive Date: 14 December 2018
  • Revise Date: 03 March 2019
  • Accept Date: 04 March 2019

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