How Can Ammonia’s Hygienic Problems in Poultry Houses be Alleviated?

Document Type : Review Artical

Author

Department of Hygiene, Zoonoses and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.

Abstract

Ammonia is a gas that is unavoidably produced as a byproduct of poultry rearing conditions. This gas is extremely dangerous to poultry health, regardless of the species or age group affected. The permissible limit for this gas in poultry buildings is the limit that can be noticed by the human smiling, 25 ppm according to health authorities. Chronic exposure of poultry, particularly young chicks, to ammonia levels above 25 ppm causes a change of health issues ranging from decreased weight gain and performance to severe stress on the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system, as well as increased susceptibility to microbial infections. The kerato-conjunctivitis complex can be also, a result of ammonia harmfulness. There are various methods for establishing ammonia levels inside poultry houses, ranging from simple methods to more advanced and complicated protocols. This article is attended to the application of several steps that should be taken to avoid the dangerous belongings of ammonia in those farms of young chicks, including dietary supplementation, proper ration formulation, proper bird stocking density, adjustment the temperature, ventilation control, and the reduction of ammonia emissions through composting, all of which help to increase bird comfort and reduce the hazard of ammonia toxicity in those farms.

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History

  • Receive Date: 02 November 2021
  • Revise Date: 02 April 2022
  • Accept Date: 04 April 2022

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