National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences1110-022251220200701Quorum Sensing Systems Analysis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa1371416583610.21608/ejvs.2019.18820.1117ENFarajolahMalekibiotechnology and medicinal plants research center of Ilam university of medical sciences, Ilam, Iran0000-0001-8887-8368ZahraMahdaviClinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IR Iran.SaeedHematiClinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IR Iran.Journal Article20191028Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic human pathogen that causes serious infection diseases. The quorum sensing (QS) system is a cell to cell signaling mechanism that it has important role in the regulating of bacterial genes. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has two important QS systems including lasIR and rhlIR. Therefore, our aim was introduced these systems in the topic bacteria P. aeruginosa.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences1110-022251220200701Clinical, Hematological and Some Serum Biochemical Alterations in Local Cows Affected with Milk Fever in Gogjalee Region, Mosul, Iraq1431516941110.21608/ejvs.2020.19294.1120ENSadam HasanAliDepartment of Internal and preventive medicine. University of Mosul. College of Veterinary Medicine0000-0002-3010-501xQAES TALBAL-OBAIDIDepartment of internal and preventive medicine .collge of veterinary medicine/ university of Mosul ,Iraq0000-0002-13334-3745Osamah M. MuwaffagAliraqiUniversity of Mosul / College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul / College of Veterinary Medicine0000-0001-8229-1232Moyasar ArefAlhamoResearch associate, Ohio state University,USA.Journal Article20191109Milk fever (Hypocalcemia) is a metabolic disorder that has serious economic impacts on health of dairy cattle and production. Current research endeavored to evaluate the clinical, hematological and some biochemical alterations in cows affected with milk fever in the Gogjalee region, Mosul in Iraq. This research was conducted on 30 local breed cows aged (three to seven years) from private farms diagnosed with postparturient paresis according to clinical signs and laboratory confirmations. Ten healthy cows served as control groups.Blood samples were taken from each animal for biochemical and hemogram analysis. Results showed typical clinical signsof milk fever with different stages of the disease. Significant (P<0.05) increasesin the body temperature, respiratory rates and significant (P<0.05) decreases in heart rates in affected animals. Older ages (five to seven years)had considerably higher rate of 73.33%( n=22 ) than three to four-years-old with 26.66%(n=8 ). No significant changes were seen in the blood picture except in the total leukocytic count(TLC). Results revealed significant decrease of Calcium, Inorganic phosphorus, and significant increase of magnesium, haptoglobin(Hp), aspartate amino transferase(AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK), and no significant changes in total protein levels compared tothecontrol groups. Our study indicates the prevalence of milk fever in local breed cows in Gogjalee region. A certain parameters (Ca, P and Mg), hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, CK and Hp) are also useful and important in the diagnostic process for detection of milk fever.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences1110-022251220200701In vitro Analysis of the Efficacy of Selected Commercial Acaricides on The Cattle Tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae)1531617104810.21608/ejvs.2020.21560.1144ENFOLUKE ADEDAYOAKANDEDepartment of Veterinary microbiology and Parasitology
College of Veterinary medicine0000-0002-8740-8492OLUBUKOLA TOLULOPEADENUBIDepartment of Veterinary physiology and Pharmacology,
College of Veterinary Medicine.
Federal University of Agriculture,
Abeokuta. Nigeria0000-0003-3445-8485Ahmed OladayoGARBADepartment of Veterinary microbiology and Parasitology
College of Veterinary medicineJournal Article20191227Ticks are important to the Nigerian livestock industry because of their ability to cause huge economic loss directly or indirectly. Chemical acaricides have played important roles in control of tick infestation for many years but development of acaricide resistance as being reported worldwide is a huge problem facing the livestock industry and the veterinarians. Thus, this study evaluated the efficacy of available commercial acaricides on <em>Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus. </em>Using Adult Immersion Test (AIT): the LC<sub>50</sub>, inhibition of oviposition, control and resistance rates, gradation of tarsal reflexes were determined for ticks treated with different acaricides at five different concentrations the discriminating dose (DD) (the manufacturer’s recommended dose) and four other different concentrations of two below and two above the DD with the aid of prohibit regression. The association between weight and number of eggs laid was analyzed by linear correlation. Macrocyclic lactone(66.7%), Phenylpyrazole (62.5%), Cypermethrin (62.5%), Formamidine(33.3%) and Phenylpyrazole(13% egg production), Macrocyclic lactone (18% egg production), Cypermethrin(20% egg production), Formamidine(49% egg production) have the highest to lowest percentage control and oviposition inhibition values respectively. The LC<sub>50</sub> of (Formamidine), (Phenylpyrazole), (Synthetic pyrethroids), (Macrocyclic lactone) against adult <em>R. (B.) annulatus</em> were 100, 8000, 2300 and 6000ppm respectively.The demonstration of acaricide resistancedevelopmentas demonstrated by the ticks in laying of eggs after dipping in acaricideis a call to the need for discovery and use of alternative tick control methods with good therapeutic dose and the need for continuous evaluation of available acaricide.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences1110-022251220200701Microbial and Fungal Contamination of Wheat Flour, Dough, and Bread Samples Collected from Isfahan, Iran1631707104410.21608/ejvs.2020.19056.1118ENMasoudSamiDepartment of Food science and Technology, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.0000-0001-9265-579XRoyaAbediDepartment of Food science and Technology, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.RasoulMohammadiDepartment of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Infection Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMaryamMirlohiDepartment of Food science and Technology, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0003-2869-8976Journal Article20191103The present investigation was done to evaluate the microbial and fungal contamination and also molecular identification of fungal species in flour, dough and bread samples collected from Isfahan, Iran.Two-hundred and forty different types of cereals including flour, dough and bread were collected. Samples were subjected to microbial and fungal counting and also PCR-based identification of fungal species and sequencing of <em>Aspergillus</em> species. Ranges of total bacterial count of flour, dough and bread samples collected from breads were between 2.83±0.99 and 6.43±1.12 log cfu/g. Flour, dough and bread samples collected from bulk breads had the higher counts of total bacteria than those of flat breads. Ranges of mold count of flour, dough and bread samples collected from breads were between 0.00±0.00 and 1.63±0.63 log cfu/g. Flour, dough and bread samples collected from flat breads had the higher counts of mold than those of bulk breads.Distribution of <em>Penicillium</em>, <em>Cladosporium</em>, <em>Mucor</em>, <em>Aspergillus</em>, <em>Alternaria</em>, <em>Canninghamella</em>, <em>Hyaline</em>, <em>Rhizopus</em>, <em>Epicoccum</em> and <em>Syncephalestrum</em> amongst detected fungal colonies were 24.40%, 20.10%, 20.10%, 19.00%, 3.80%, 3.80%, 3.80%, 2.70%, 1.00% and 1.00%, respectively. Sequencing of isolated Aspergillus genus revealed that all strains were related to flavus, oryzea, terreus,andnijer species. Detected total count and mold count in studied bread samples were lower than limit standards announced by Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. However, considering the high consumption rate of these kinds of food samples among Iranian people, severe surveillance programs should perform to inhibit from their bacterial and fungal contamination.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences1110-022251220200701Seasonal and Age Distribution of Toxoplasma gondii in Milk of Naturally Infected Animal Species and Dairy Samples1711807105010.21608/ejvs.2020.20965.1143ENMahtabAlipour AmroabadiDepartment of Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.EbrahimRahimiDepartment of Food Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.AmirShakerianDepartment of Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, IranJournal Article20191214Primary infection by <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> is habitually food borne and ingestion of foods with animal origins is measured as a risk factor. The current survey was performed to assess the seasonal and age distribution of <em>T. gondii</em> in diverse kinds of raw milk and traditional dairy products. Three-hundred and seventy raw milk and traditional dairy samples were collected and subjected to DNA extraction. <em>B1</em> specific gene of <em>T. gondii</em> was perceived by means of the molecular technique. Eighteen out of 370 (4.86%) studied samples were positive for <em>T. gondii</em>. Molecular incidence of <em> T. gondii</em> in raw milk was 6.08%. <em>T. gondii</em> was also perceived in 2.85% of studied traditional dairy samples, respectively. Sheep milk (10%) and cheese (6.66%) had the uppermost molecular incidence of parasite. Molecular incidence of <em>T. gondii</em> in raw camel milk and cream and butter samples were 3.33%, 5% and 5%, respectively. Samples which were collected through autumn (15.55%) and summer (9.37%) seasons had the maximum molecular incidence of <em>T. gondii</em>. Raw milk samples of older than 4 years animal species (11.39%) had the maximum molecular incidence of <em>T. gondii</em>. The existingsurvey is the first report of seasonal and age distribution of <em>T. gondii</em> in diverse kinds of dairy samples. Raw sheep, goat, buffalo, bovine and camel milk and also traditional cheese, cream and butter dairy samples may harbor <em>T. gondii</em> infection. Seasonal and senile distribution should be measured for molecular incidence of <em>T. gondii</em> in milk of primary infected animals and also traditional dairy products.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences1110-022251220200701Study the Effect of Aqueous Extract of Garlic (Allium sativum) on Healing Procedure of Burn Wound on Rat1811897187810.21608/ejvs.2020.18353.1110ENZohrehHemmatporStudent Research Committee, Nursing and Midwifery School, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, IranJamalKamaliStudent Research Committee, Paramedical School, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, IranMahboobehMehrabaniEvidence-Based Phytotherapy and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, IranSeyed AliHashemiPathology Department, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.Seyed Mahmoud AminMarashiDepartment of Pathology, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, IranShahrzadPahlevanPathology Department, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, IranBaharehTavakoli-FarDietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.Journal Article20191017High antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of garlic make it possible to use as an effective topical cream to heal burn wound injuries. The present research was done to evaluate the burn wound healing effects of the aqueous extract of garlic on rat model. Aqueous extract was achieved from fresh garlic. Thirty healthy adult rats were subjected to burn wounding and then randomly treated with silver sulfadiazine (positive control), cream base (negative control) and garlic topical cream (0.8%, 0.4% and 0.2%). Rats were then maintained for 21 days and macroscopic and microscopic examinations were performed through the experiment. Burn wound contraction was increased in all groups of rats during the experiment period. The highest percent of burn wound contraction at day 21 was found in rats treated with 0.4% garlic topical cream (88.10%), while those treated with cream base had the lowest wound contraction (70.30%). Rats treated with 0.4% garlic topical cream showed more rapid granulation, formation of scar and healingin the macroscopic examination. Additionally, rats treated with 0.4% garlic topical cream had the higher amounts of tissue granulation with dense collagen deposition in the microscopic examination after 21 days of wounding. Burn wound healing effects of the garlic extract was not dose depended. It seems that application of 4% garlic cream is an effective way to improve the burn wound healing of rats. However, supplementary studies are needed to evaluate other effects of garlic cream on burn wound.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences1110-022251220200701Genotypic and Phenotypic Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance and Recognition of Virulence Factors in Escherichia coli O157 Serogroup Isolated from Hamburger1912017307610.21608/ejvs.2020.17668.1101ENMehdiKarimpourDepartment of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranVadoodRazavilarDepartment of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranNordahrRokniDepartment of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.MohammadAhmadiDepartment of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, IranJournal Article20191017Escherichia coli (<em>E. coli</em>) O157 isan important food-borne pathogen. The existing survey was addressed to assess the incidence, phenotypic and genotypic resistance profile toward antibiotics and incidence of virulence factors amongst the <em>E. coli</em> O157 isolates recovered from hamburger. Two-hundred hamburger samples were collected from superstores of Mazandaran, Iran. Hamburger samples were cultured and phenotypic antibiotic resistance pattern was deliberated using disk diffusion test. Isolated <em>E. coli</em> O157 bacteria were identified by PCR. Nineteen out of 200 (9.50%) hamburger samples were contaminated with<em> E. coli</em> O157. Brand C (18%) had the uppermost contamination rate, while brand D (4%) had the lower most. <em>E. coli</em> O157 isolates displayed the uppermostincidence of resistance towardtetracyc lines (100%), ampicillin (100%) and gentamicin (89.47%). All of isolates were resistant toward an antibiotic, while incidence of resistance towardover 6 antibiotics was 36.84%.<em> CITM</em> (89.47%), <em>CTX</em> (89.47%), <em>aac(3)-IV</em> (78.94%), <em>dfrA1</em> (63.15%), <em>sul1</em> (63.15%) and <em>tetA</em> (57.89%) were the most generallyidenti fied antibiotic resistance genes. Incidence of <em>ehlyA</em>, <em>stx2</em>, <em>stx1</em> and <em>eae A</em> were 100%, 42.10%, 100% and 100%, respectively. Boost contamination of hamburger samples with <em>E. coli</em> O157 bacteria which are exposedto low microbial quality of raw meat samples and also unfitness of cooking time and temperature. Thoughtful antibiotic prescription and courtesies to the ideologies of food security can condense the hazard of resistant and virulent <em>E. coli</em> O157 in hamburger.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences1110-022251220200701Impact of Extruded Feed Supplements on The Productivity of Lactation Cows2032137701710.21608/ejvs.2020.23132.1149ENSergeyGarmashovFederal State-owned Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education &laquo;Kuzbass State Agricultural Academy&raquo;, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Agricultural EngineeringOlgaBagnoFederal State-owned Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuzbass State Agricultural Academy», zootechnical faculty, Department of Animal ScienceEkaterinaIzhmulkinaFederal State-owned Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuzbass State Agricultural Academy», faculty of management and agribusiness, department of management and agribusinessOlgaKonstantinovaFederal State-owned Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kuzbass State Agricultural Academy», Agrobiotechnology Faculty, Department of Agronomy, Breeding and Seed ProductionJournal Article20200203The production of new fortified feed supplements and concentrates, balanced by the organic nutrients content, takes one of the leading positions in agriculture manufacture. Food production waste has recently been one of the forms of an accessible source of biologically active substances (oilcake, oil meal, molasses, treacle, etc.). Proper processing of these raw products allows you to use it in obtaining highly nutritious feed supplements with a high content of protein, minerals, vitamins, and sugars. Food waste does not harm the animal’s body; it was found; they have easily processed and high biological value. This work is presents the formulation of a new extruded feed supplement, using it in the main ration of lactation cows increases the productivity of the animal by 10-12%. The mass protein fraction in the obtained milk was in 9-11% higher comparative to milk from cows without receiving an additional feed supplement in their rations. It is proved that the developed extruded feed supplement does not adversely affect the body of lactation cows, which is confirmed by a research of the morphological blood composition.A supplementation dairy cow with 3 kg per cow daily for 15 days of our studded concentrated mixture is recommended.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences1110-022251220200701Incidence and Profiles of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Markers of The Escherichia coli O157 Bacteria Recovered From Poultry Meat2152237952410.21608/ejvs.2020.20516.1141ENRezaMousaviDepartment of Food Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.EbrahimRahimiDepartment of Food Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.AmirShakerianDepartment of Food Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.Journal Article20191204Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157 issubstantial foodborne pathogen. The existing survey was addressed to assess the incidence, phenotypic resistance profile and incidence of virulence markers amongst the E. coli O157 isolates recovered from poultry meat. Five-hundred poultry meat samples were collected from Isfahan, Iran.Poultrymeatsamples were cultured and phenotypic antibiotic resistance pattern was deliberated using disk diffusion. PCR was applied to identify the incidence of virulence markers. Forty-four out of 500 (8.80%) poultry meat samples were contaminated with E. coli O157. Duck meat (16%) harbored the uppermost incidence of E. coli O157. Incidence of ehlyA, stx2, stx1and eaeA were 100%, 27.27%, 100% and 100%, respectively. E. coli O157 bacteria exhibited the maximum incidence of resistance against ampicillin (95.45%), tetracycline (88.63%), gentamycin (84.09%)and trimethoprim (38.63%) antibiotics. Incidence of resistance toward imipenem and chloramphenicol were 6.81% and 27.27%, respectively. Poultry meat samples, particularly duck, were considered as reservoir of virulence and antibiotic resistant O157 bacteria. Thoughtful antibiotic prescription and courtesies to the ideologies of food security can condense the hazard of resistant and virulent E. coli O157 in poultry meat.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences1110-022251220200701Effect of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidison Nisin Gene Expression Induced by Lactococcuslactis on Chicken Meat2252347952510.21608/ejvs.2020.20517.1142ENFahimehFirouzbakhtDepartment of Food Hygiene, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran, IranVadoodRazavilarDepartment of Food Hygiene, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran, IranAmiraliAnvarDepartment of Food Hygiene, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran, IranJournal Article20191211Contaminated chicken meat is measured as one of the most significant sources of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (Ses E). Using nisin-producer Lactococcuslactis (L. lactis) is a practical approach to diminish the risk of food-borne pathogens in chicken meat. The existingsurvey was done to assess the effect of SesEon nisin gene expression induced by L. lactison chicken meat. Chicken meat was divided into 4 groups of L. lactis control group (BHI media inoculated with 1.5×108 CFU/ml L. lactis), Ses Econtrol group (BHI media inoculated with 1.5×105 CFU/ml Ses E), L. lactis exposure group (BHI media inoculated with 1.5×108 CFU/ml L. lactis) and finally Ses Eexposure group (BHI media inoculated with 1.5×105 CFU/ml Ses E). Then, pH and protein contents, numbers of bacteria and nisin gene expression were examined. Growth of Ses Ein the exposure group has been decreased. L. lactis inhibits from severe changes in pH and protein contents of chicken meat. After 4 h of maintenance, amount of nisin gene expression in L. lactis subsp. lactis co-culture with SesE was 1.9 times higher than L. lactis subsp. lactis mono-culture (P =0.0008). After 48 h maintenance, amount of nisin gene expression in L. lactis subsp. lactis mono-culture was 1.1 times higher than L. lactis subsp. lactis co-culture with Ses E (P =0.042). Ses Ecan cause substantial increase in the nisin gene expression and subsequent production of nisin by L. lactis subsp. lactis.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences1110-022251220200701Assessment of Buffalo Semen Preservability Using Tris Extender Enriched With Moringa Oleifera Extract2352397952610.21608/ejvs.2020.23502.1150ENRedaElsheshtawyDept. of Animal Reproduction and AI, Veterinary Researches Div., National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt0000-0001-5016-5696Walid SaidElnattatDept. of Animal Reproduction and AI, Veterinary Researches Div., National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200204The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of Moringa oleifera leaves extract (MLE) on buffalo spermatozoa during cooling and cryopreservation. Pooled bull semen were diluted by Tris-Citrate-Fructose (TCF) diluent supplemented with MLE and allocated in 6 concentrations which were 0% control, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50% (v/v) [MLE: TCF] then 20% egg yolk was added, mixed and finally stored at -20°C until used. Diluted semen was cooled slowly up to 5 °C and equilibrated for 4 h. Semen was packed into 0.25 mL polyvinyl straws. After equilibration periods, the straws were exposed to liquid nitrogen (LN2) vapor for 10 minutes and were then dipped in LN2. Extended semen was subjected to evaluation (motility, alive %, abnormality %, and intact sperm membrane (HOST) %) in both chilled and frozen semen. Sperm motility was significantly (P<0.0001) kept high after 11 days of chilling with the concentration 10 and 20%, also it was kept significantly (P<0.0001) high with the concentration 30 and 40% up to 10 days. The use of MEEY had significantly (P<0.0001) improved sperm motility% with the concentration 10 and 20% compared to the control, while the other concentrations didn’t exhibit any effect. On the other hand, MEEY had maintained alive sperm, intact spermatozoa membrane% and abnormal sperm % as good as the control with all the concentrations of MEE used in the present study. Then, it could be concluded that 10-20% of Moringa oleifera leaves extract (under the contemporary conditions of extraction in this study) as a natural additive to semen extenders improved preservability in both chilled and frozen bull semen.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences1110-022251220200701Therapeutic Efficacy of Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Ginseng (Panax ginseng) and Sage (Salvia officinalis) Against Cryptosporidium parvum in Experimentally Infected Mice2412517952810.21608/ejvs.2020.24183.1152ENDina MohamedAbouelsouedDepartment of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, Post Box 12622, El Buhouth Street, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.0000-0002-2581-6503Raafat MohamedShaapanDept. of Zoonotic Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre0000-0002-2620-4189Rabab M. MohamedElkhateebDepartment of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, Post Box 12622, El Buhouth Street, Dokki, Cairo, EgyptWalid SaidElnattatDept. of Animal Reproduction and AI, Veterinary Researches Div., National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, EgyptMohamed FayedAbd ElhameedPharmacology department, medical division, national research centreAbdel Mohsen M. MohamedHammamDepartment of Animal Reproduction, Vet. Res. Div., National Research CentreAbdel MohsenHammamDepartment of Animal Reproduction and Artificial insemination, Veterinary Research Division, NRC, EgyptJournal Article20200217Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) is a worldwide zoonotic protozoan parasite infects most mammalian hosts causing a major health problem. The present study investigated the efficacy of ginger (Zingiber officinale), ginseng (Panax ginseng) and sage (Salvia officinalis) methanolic extracts on the progression of cryptosporidiosis in the experimental mice.Forty five mice experimentally infected with C. parvum were treated with medicinal plants extracts (ginger, ginseng and sage) as compared to the reference drug, Nitazoxanide (NTZ). Mice fecal smears were examined daily for 4 weeks post infection (PI). The results interpreted by oocysts count and histological examination of mice intestinal mucosa.The obtained results recorded that there was a statistically significant reduction in oocyst shedding in high dose ginger, ginseng and NTZ treated groups till no oocysts were found at days 21 and 23 PI, respectively. The infected non-treated, NTZ and low dose of both, ginseng and sage treated mice groups returned to excrete oocysts at low levels at day 27 PI while the other animal groups’ feces were still negative for C. parvum oocysts. The histopathological examination showed that NTZ, high dose ginger and ginseng treated mice had more protective and curative effect on infected mice intestinal epithelium in comparison with other treatments used.In conclusion, these results proved the therapeutic efficacy of ginger, ginseng and sage medicinal plants against the C. parvum in experimentally infected mice, and that theginger extract had an obvious effect on infected mice than other treatments and such results could be adapted in similar infections in susceptible animals and man.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences1110-022251220200701Effects of Stocking Density on Some Behavioral and Some Blood Biochemical Parameters in Camel during the Rut Period2532627953010.21608/ejvs.2020.24526.1153ENAhmed Abdel-AleemMohammedAnimal and poultry behavior and management, faculty of veterinary medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptRamadan DardierMohamedanimal hygiene, faculty of veterinary medicine, new vally university, new vallyAhmedOsmanDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag UniversityJournal Article20200223This study investigated the effect of different stocking density on behavior, body condition score and some blood parameters of male camels in the rut period. Thirty-six male dromedary camels in rut period weighing from 350 to 400 kg were randomly divided in to three stock densities, 3 [lower stocking density (75%) (LSD)], 4 [normal stocking density (100%)(NSD)], and 5 [higher stocking density (125%)(HSD)] camels on 60 m2 of pen, respectively. Behavioral observations were performed for 10 weeks once per week for posture, maintenance, aggressive and social behavior using instantaneous scan sampling. Blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment for some serum blood parameters (Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, and Albumin/Globulin ratio) and blood hormones (Cortisol, Testosterone, T3, T4, and T3/T4 ratio). The results indicated that, in comparison with LSD and NSD, HSD increased the aggressive behavior, standing duration and cortisol level (P < 0.05), while, it decreased the lying, walking, rumination, body condition score, testosterone, T3 and T4 level (P < 0.05). In addition, there were no significant effects on drinking behavior and blood parameters between all the treatments (P > 0.05). Conclusively, HSD in group rearing had a bad effect on aggression, body condition score and sexual performance of male camels in the rut period.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences1110-022251220200701Rumen Metabolites and Microbiome of Semi-intensively Managed West African Dwarf Goats Supplemented Concentrate Diet of Varying Levels of Sodium Humate2632707956910.21608/ejvs.2020.23856.1151ENTimothy TertseghaIkyumeDepartment of Animal Production, College of Animal Science, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria0000000173291484Adebayo OlusijiONIDepartment of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, NigeriaAzeez OlanrewajuYusufDepartment of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, AbeokutaOlusiji SundaySowandeDepartment of Animal Production and Health, Federal university of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, NigeriaAODepartment of Microbiology, College of Biological Science, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, NigeriaSamsonAdegbehinDepartment of Animal Production and Health, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, NigeriaJournal Article20200211Poor quality forages such as mature grass could be improved by physical, chemical and biological treatment. One of such procedure is supplementing with feed that will modify the rumen environment to improve forage utilization. A 90-day study was conducted to examine the rumen ecology of semi-intensively raised West African Dwarf (WAD) goats fed supplemented concentrate diet containing incremental levels of sodium humate. The thirty (30) WAD bucks (age 10-15 months) used in this study were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments containing 0, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 g/kg diet of sodium humate in a completely randomized design. Data were obtained on rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and some of their various proportions (Acetate, propionate and butyrate), protozoa, fungi and bacteria counts and were statistically analysed using the GLM procedure of SPSS (version 23). Results revealed that pH, NH3-N, and fungi count were affected (p < 0.05) by the inclusion of sodium humate in the diets. However, volatile fatty acids and the various proportions, protozoa and bacteria counts were not affected (p>0.05) by the inclusion of sodium humate in the diets. It was concluded that sodium humate could be used in the diet of semi-intensively managed WAD goats to stabilize the rumen pH and that levels up to 10 g/kg diet could be utilized to improve fungi count.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences1110-022251220200701Isolation and Molecular Identification of Staphylococcus Species in Cow’s Milk Distributed in Khartoum State2712818464610.21608/ejvs.2020.19581.1129ENNADIA ABDALLAELSHIEKHMINISTRY OF ANIMAL RESOURCESGALALMOHAMMEDDepartment of Animal Surgery and Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 204 Kuku, Khartoum-North, SudanMOHAMMEDABDALLADepartment of Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 204 Kuku, Khartoum-North, SudanOSAMAELKHAIRDepartment of Microbiology, Central Laboratory, Ministry of High Education Scientific Research, Khartoum, Sudan.HISHAMALTAYEBBiochemistry Department,Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz,University, Jeddah, 21452, Saudi Arabia.Journal Article20191121The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the bacteria load and the level of Staphylococcus Species and Staphylococcus aureus contamination in raw cow´s milk distributed in Khartoum state. One hundred and eighty samples were taken from Khartoum, Omdurman and Khartoum North, 60 samples of raw milk from healthy apparently cows in farms, 60 samples of raw milk vended by donkeys, 60 samples of raw milk vended by cars. Total Viable Bacterial count was done using standard plate count. The samples were detected for the presence of Staphylococcus Species using conventional methods, cultured in Baird-Parker and Mannitol agar, Gram Stain, biochemical tests were done. The TVBC showed that the highest bacterial load was detected in the raw milk vended by Donkey (6.90±.03 log10 cfu/ml) vended by cars (6.78±0.12 log10 cfu/ml) then the lowest bacterial load detected in the milk collected from farm (6.63±0.07 log10 cfu/ml). Out of 180 samples of raw milk studied, 130 showed contamination by Staphylococcus species corresponding to 72.2% of the samples being contaminated and out of 180 samples of raw cow´s milk 80 was contaminated with staphylococcus aureus corresponding to 44.4% of the samples.The isolated Staphylococcus species was confirmed further by using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeting the partial sequence of 16s rRNA gene. Sequencing identified Staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominies and Staphylococcus simulans. The results showed a high level of contamination by Staphylococcus Spp. and staphylococcus aureus in raw cow´s milk that distributed in Khartoum state.<br /><br />National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences1110-022251220200701Pathological Assessment of Bovine Liver Abscesses in Basrah Abattoir, Iraq2832919011910.21608/ejvs.2020.26179.1161ENJihad AbdulameerAhmedDept. of Pathology, college of veterinary medicine, uni. of Basra, Iraq0000-0002-8826-6289Journal Article20200319his study was conducted to examine bovine liver abscesses to identify the pathological aspects of the liver of slaughtered cattle at Basrah Abattoir. Seventy liver samples were collected; sixty samples affected with bovine liver abscesses BLA, and ten healthy liver samples served as control. The hematological results showed a significant (P≤0.05) increase in total WBCs count, lymphocytes count and neutrophil count of BLA when compared to a healthy. Moreover, the results of the biochemical analysis showed a significant (P≤0.05) increase of AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH in BLA compared to healthy. The macroscopically study of the liver of BLA showed multiple nodules vary in size which dispersed on the diaphragmatic and visceral surfaces, which showed friable areas and multiple grayish-white abscesses that containing whitish cheesy materials. The histopathological, revealed dilation of the center vein, pericentral inflammatory cells infiltration mainly polymorphic inflammatory cell, besides, marked area of degenerative changes of hepatocyte particular in the pericentral region as well to multiples abscesses areas were found in the hepatic parenchyma particularly in the subscapular region represented by focal infiltration of neutrophils, The portal vein showed dilated cystic like projection and filled with infiltration of inflammatory cells as well to inflammatory exudate; also, there is the infiltration of inflammatory cells around of portal vein and an early degree of a fibrotic capsule, the current study concluded that the infected bovine with liver abscess can cause much harm, affection in either health status and economic, by effecting the hematological and biochemical balance as well to the inflammatory changes related to this disease.