Toxoplasmosis remains a common parasite zoonosis with an international spread. Many warm-blooded animals, including sheep and humans, are prone to infection. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and toxoplasmosis co-occurrence is a rare but potentially serious disease. The microbe Toxoplasma gondii is the source of the parasitic disease toxoplasmosis, whereas HCV is a viral infection known for its ability to damage the liver. To assess the Co-occurrence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and toxoplasmosis. Materials and methods: A total 100 blood samples were collected from (100) HCV and toxoplasmosis co-infected patients (52 males and 48 females) whose ages ranged between (5 and 65) years, and (50) healthy individuals (25 males and 25 females) whose ages ranged between (5 - 50) years as a control group. Folding expression detection and estimation of IL-32, IL-33, and TNF-α levels for patient samples and the control group. Findings and conclusion: When the control group's mean levels of IL-32, IL-33, and TNF-α were compared to those of the co-infection patients (3.919±0.226, 4.775±0.249, and 4.655±0.271), a very significant increase in these levels was seen (10.110±0.596, 24.914±2.308, and 12.356±1.369). The results also showed highly significant differences (p<0.001) in folding expression between IL-32, IL-33, and TNF-α in the patients group (7.598±1.533, 29.089±5.785 and 10.744±2.289) respectively when compared with their folding expressions in the control group (1.324±0.5, 1.214±0.317 and 1.544±0.59) respectively. Conclusion: Patients with co-infection (HCV and toxoplasmosis) had considerably higher levels of IL-32, IL-33, and TNF-α as well as their folding expressions.
T. Hameed, A., M. Jasim, A., S. Mohammed, N., & Barakat, A. (2025). Folding expression of IL-32, IL-33 and TNF-α in Patient’s Co-infected with Hepatitis C Virus and Toxoplasmosis. Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 56(2), 289-298. doi: 10.21608/ejvs.2024.273131.1879
MLA
Amjad T. Hameed; Amani M. Jasim; Nazar S. Mohammed; Ashraf Mohamed Abdel Khalek Barakat. "Folding expression of IL-32, IL-33 and TNF-α in Patient’s Co-infected with Hepatitis C Virus and Toxoplasmosis". Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 56, 2, 2025, 289-298. doi: 10.21608/ejvs.2024.273131.1879
HARVARD
T. Hameed, A., M. Jasim, A., S. Mohammed, N., Barakat, A. (2025). 'Folding expression of IL-32, IL-33 and TNF-α in Patient’s Co-infected with Hepatitis C Virus and Toxoplasmosis', Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 56(2), pp. 289-298. doi: 10.21608/ejvs.2024.273131.1879
VANCOUVER
T. Hameed, A., M. Jasim, A., S. Mohammed, N., Barakat, A. Folding expression of IL-32, IL-33 and TNF-α in Patient’s Co-infected with Hepatitis C Virus and Toxoplasmosis. Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2025; 56(2): 289-298. doi: 10.21608/ejvs.2024.273131.1879
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